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Submarines: The Mechanical Monsters Of The Deep

Submarines - Presentation Transcript
Submarines
The Mechanical Monsters of the Deep

The History

History
In 1580 – First published description of how a submarine could work, by a Englishman, William Bourne
In 1623 – The first working submarine was made and was powered by 12 oarsmen. It was first tested in the River Thames
In 1776 - David Bushnell built the first submarine to actually make an attack on an enemy warship. It, called the "Turtle" because it looked like a sea-turtle floating in the water. It was operated by Sergeant Ezra Lee. 
This a sketch of the Turtle 
1862 –The "Alligator" was the first submarine in the U. S. Navy

History 
In 1885, “Nordenfeldt I” was launched, a steam powered submarine with an external torpedo tube
In 1900, Britain navy had theuse of 5 submarines. However, many thought the use of these machines to be “underhand, unfair and un-English”. 
In 1906, the first German “u-boat” was launched

The rise off World War 1
In the first world war submarines began to be recognised as lethal. Submarines were a recent invention but they were advanced nevertheless.
German U Boats were the first truly effective submarines. They wrecked havoc on British and Allied warships and shipping. 
This is the final German U-Boat 

World War 2
1939 – 1945-When the Second World War broke out submarines were used often. Italy joined Germany in June, bringing 105 submarines to the Mediterranean theatre. Luckily they did not have much impact.In August 1941, U-570 became the first and the only submarine ever captured by an aircraft; under attack, she was forced to the surface and surrendered. An escort ship soon arrived and took over. U-570 was thus transferred to the Royal navy, where, re-designated as "Graph.”
1935 the first of a new series, U-1, entered service and there was soon 16 u-boats in service

After World War 2
The first Type XXI, U-2511, left Hamburg on war patrol; when she returned home to surrender, 30 Type XXI were in shakedown and training, 121 were in the water and another 1000 were under construction or on order. 
1953 The next generation sub-launched missile was "Regulus I," able to carry a 3,000 pound nuclear warhead for five hundred miles. 
A German XXI 
1945-The Japanese launched a massive building program of suicide and midget submarines.
Here, eighty-four midgets, of four different designs, are huddled in dry-dock.

Entering the nuclear Era
1954-The first nuclear-powered submarine went to sea: 3,674-ton "Nautilus." Its Surface speed 18 knots, 23 knots submerged. On her shakedown cruise, she steamed 1,381 miles from New London to San Juan, Puerto Rico – submerged all the way at an average speed of 15 knots.
A nuclear sub called "Seawolf." 
Before nuclear power was brought into the world subs were inefficient and costly to run. A nuclear submarine basically runs on a nuclear reactor. This allows the ship to travel very fast and very far. But it comes at a great danger.
The first nuclear sun , “The Nautilus"

Submersibles 

Submersibles
A submersible is a submarine that is mainly used for exploration and can only go a limited depth under water or will be crushed by the force of water pressure 

How a Submarine Works

How it submerges 

Subs are powered by a diesel or nuclear engine. It drives propellers.
The sub dives by filling its ballast tanks full of water and the weight pulls the sub down. 
Dive DiveDive!

How Submarines See
Submarines generally don’t have windows to look out of
Instead, they are piloted with the use of Sonar (sound navigation and ranging)
A pulse of sound is sent out from the submarine
If there is an object in the way, the sound waves are reflected back to the submarine – the time taken for the pulse to return to the submarine is used to calculate the distance to the object. 

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Thanks to Kaleu :)